![]() The error between the characteristic of idealized filter and actual filter can be reduced using the property of Chebyshev filter. The Chebysev filters are named after Pafnufy Chebyshev who derived the mathematical calculations of Chebyshev filters. Generally, the linear analog filters are realized using various topologies, the Butterworth filter can be realized using Cauer topology or Sallen-key topology. Thus, as shown in the above figure the filter and brick wall response gets closer. If we increase the order of the Butterworth filter, then the Butterworth filter design cascaded stages also gets increased. Butterworth Filter Ideal Frequency Response The analog low pass filter’s (Butterworth) ‘brick wall’, which can be defined as standard approximations for various filter orders are shown in the below figure (including ideal frequency response). The Butterworth or maximally flat magnitude filter has a flat (mathematically as much as possible) frequency response. Butterworth Filter Butterworth Filter Design The analog filter design filter methods are classified as Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic filter models based transfer function with order ‘n’. The analog filter design includes analog filter transfer functions, poles and zeros of analog filters, frequency response of analog filters, output response, and different types of analog filters. The RC filter, RL filter, LC filter, and RLC filter are called as simple filters. The image impedance filters are further classified as a Constant k filter, m-derived filter, general image filters, Zobel network, lattice filter, bridged T delay equalizer, composite image filter, and mm’-type filter. ![]() The network synthesis filters are again classified as a Butterworth filter, Chebyshev filter, Elliptic filter or Cauer filter, Bessel filter, Gaussian filter, Optimum ‘L’ filter (Legendre), and Linkwithz-Riley filter. The linear analog filters can be listed as network synthesis filters, image impedance filters, and simple filters.
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